Heavyweight- 787-Losses after Losses?
Restoring the Scientific and Technological Basis of Vedic Systems , Decoding schemes of Sruti - Vang Formats
Wednesday, June 18, 2025
787 - A burden to Air India?
Monday, June 16, 2025
AI 171 & Boeing 787 Series: Technology vs Emotions?
AI 171: No missing and misgiving:
Media Briefing of K Ram Mohan Naidu, Minister of Civil Aviation provided an insight into the nature investigation into AI 171 Boeing 787 -8 crash at Ahmedabad. The minister asserted that the Indian Aviation sector employs the highest degree of security protocols to ensure the safety of the passengers. He sought the help of the media in the investigations.
In the meanwhile the media has cast a host of theories on the crash; some of the views questioned the credibility of the Boeing and the safety standards. One has to take note that the relationship between Boeing and India is not limited to the procurement of Commercial Aircrafts. Boeing has made significant contributions in rendering new dimensions to the Indian Aviation Sector. They have research projects in India both in the academic and commercial arenas including a Joint venture for the manufacture of fuselages for the Apache Helicopters. Vertical fins for 737 category aircrafts are few of them. With more than 250 partners in India Boeing has a transaction to the tune of 1 billion USD employing more than 10000 persons directly and indirectly.
At this instance, it is pertinent to review the Communication-Navigation-Surveillance and Air Traffic Management Plan developed by Boeing and Directorate General of Civil Aviation. The Agreement for developing the comprehensive plan was signed in 2019. The decadal plan under US-India Aviation Cooperation Program was completed in 2022
Some of the Experts in some TV Channels in India and overseas had talked about the pneumatic controls of the aircraft. Some of the passengers even highlighted the malfunctioning of the electrical and Air conditioning systems.
As one of the first among the passengers of the Dreamliner in the inaugural flight between Kolkata and New Delhi, more than the rose flower gifted, the new aircraft was a transformation in the passenger comfort level. A week or so later the same schedule had to be cancelled for certain technical flaws. Then " E category aircrafts were new in India. The Captain who was from The Boeing gave a detailed account of the technical flaw of the aircraft. Curiosity on the mechanisms and development of the Dreamliner led to a better understanding of the manufacturing and collaborators
As some TV Channels had wrongly put across, 787 do not have pneumatic systems and are almost fully electrically operated. . The 787 series, as far as it was known in the initial days, were using the already existing ground units in most of the airports. Unlike some other aircrafts, the lights were not turned off for starting the engines as this series uses ground power units. Gearbox mounted engine starters. Architecture of the 787 series became a matter of curiosity.
Following the Ahmedabad accident, there was no mention of Pratt & Whitney in the whole discussions and reports. The 787 Series uses the Auxiliary Power unit supplied by Pratt& Whitney, No doubt, they can claim to be the pioneers in Auxiliary Power Unit Development for commercial air crafts of the category. The steady power supply is said to be of 450 KVA gas turbine APU, and is claimed to be worth for operations above 43000 feet. However, the highest Altitude heard from the captains is up to 42000 feet Altitude
Like APS 5000 for 787 series. Pratt & Whitney manufactures APS 3200 for Airbus A320 series; they supply the APU for Boeing 747 Series as well. So far their credibility remains unchallenged. It would be ideal to have their expertise made available in the Risk elimination model for future safety standards. In the aircraft, the 235V AC current is produced by four generators; APU systems form a secondary line of supplementary Power generation along with Battery support. The batteries are rechargeable and give power to the aircraft before the engines are started. If there was a power failure in the cabin before the engines started then the question of the Battery function would come into question. How did the AI 171 start during the ill-fated schedule will have to be answered by the Ground staff?.
Battery support and Ram Air Turbine automatically operate whenever a total Power failure occurs. Ram Air Turbine manufactured by Eaton Corporation, seemingly has to be tailor made for the all electric 787 series, to be activated automatically when a dire emergency situation arises. The conditions for such an automatic deployment occur when both the engines fail and as an when complete failures of electric and hydraulic systems become dysfunctional. RAT provides emergency power supply to open the doors. Role of Eaton in the production lines of 787 is not limited to Supply of RAT. Other products of Eaton used in the 787 include electric motors, Pumps, flow control mechanisms, fuel management systems, displays, Cockpit controls as well as load management systems. Eaton will certainly have system maintenance, and management protocols. Since the question gears have come under question, Eaton will have to look into as they provide hydraulic motors of the gears for the takeoff and landing, landing along with a Host of other components.
In the case of AI 171, the
assessment of the battery function during the preflight assessment would become
crucial. As per Boeing, they have demonstrated that 787 series can fly for
5hours and 30 minutes and land safely with a single engine and one generator in
operation. Complete failure of all systems and accident is a big question
before the users and manufacturers of the Components for the Dreamliner. The
Federal Aviation Administration that certified the electrical systems will
become answerable if the investigation points a finger on the design and
complete failure of the electrical systems. The expert opinions of nature
before the completion of the investigations will be a matter of serious concern
for both the US Government and the Government of India.
Also, as the Complaints against the Air Conditioning systems surfaced, it would be ideal for the investigating agencies to invite a technical explanation from Hamilton Sundstrand along with Maxon Group.
The technical review may also
include a hearing of Airbus industries on why they removed Pratt & Whitney
from the APU supply, while Boeing continued to rely on them/ Airbus now relies
on Hamilton Sundstrand.
The questions on the gears also need to be looked into on the design parameters of the taxiway and runway at all airports in India. Higher temperatures of the wheels may be taken into account. There is a deliberate effort from some scorners to point a finger at the First Officer; Pilot error should be considered only when all parameters and operational conditions were found to be in perfect order.
Questions will remain till the investigations are completed pertaining tp the maintenance crew, ground Staff, Operational Clearance, any outsider withing the premises and so on. The question will remain on the security and intelligence network of the airports
It is for the Civil Aviation Ministry, especially DGCA and Ministry of Home Affairs to gather all inputs and to narrow down the Reasons of the crash to any ground.
Packets of data on Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System - ACARS is more crucial along with Automated Engine Trend Data in the evaluation. What is the nature of Aircraft Condition Monitoring employed by Boeing in collaboration with the operator of the airlines Air India is not generally a matter of public concern. All these matters become a matter of Concern, when such a catastrophic incident of massive proportions occurs.
Eliminating Human errors in the crash is a herculean task. There is no room for Human errors or pilot error in a commercial aircraft. Human error in such a case can be treated as Sabotage or a terror plot unless the screening of the entire staff of two airports in this case removes even a microscopic threat to such a thought.
The onus of the catastrophe cannot be thrust on the Pilots as they rely on the display systems. After reaching the initial velocity V1, there is no other option than to lift off. Here, it has to be seen whether the operational failure happened during the acceleration to V2 as well. Lives were lost both on ground and of those in the aircraft. The Investigation report has to be a public document.
Thursday, May 29, 2025
India Then and Now Part 1
Political Philosophy of India was on complete disarmament and world free from Nuclear weapons. Gandhian philosophy of nonviolence, mutual cooperation and truthfulness could not sustain immediately after the Great Theocentric divide and partition. The Violence and bloodshed that started with a new revived phase on 16 August 1946 continued with October attack on Kashmir by the newly born Pakistan. Soon the Chinese incursions set a new security concern. The Government led by Jawaharlal Nehru relied on friendship and deposed trust in the Chinese leadership under Chou en Lai that territorial violations would not escalate. India refused accept that china waged a war with India, instead treated the whole situation as an aggression. However, much against the political notions, from the initial set backs, Indian Army mounted an assault on the invading Chinese contingents , forcing them to flee. Eye witness narratives point towards and the real data huge difference in the official data of casualties on Chinese side. It was an unprecedented shock for the Chinese Communist Party, deciding to withdraw their positions which was evident from the response from the Chinese Government. " Beginning from December 1, the Chinese frontier guards will withdraw 20 kilo meters from the line of actual control as on November 7, 1959.". That was a new beginning and a matter of great psychological win fro the Indian Armed Forces.
Today, the ear on India has to be based on skepticism generated from undisclosed Defense technological secrets that will point to a disaster of indefinite proportions for any country. The Country has just displayed the effectiveness of integrating indigenously developed systems with imported ones to create an architecture that had proved its outstanding capabilities in Operation Sindoor. At the same time time immediately before the 1962 invasion of China, the Prime Minister of India showed his reliance to low quality Indian weaponry than importing the weapons from other countries that were useless for them.
The change is visible. as one goes through the political outlook of India in 1962. the debates in the Parliament on Chinese incursions will provide a clear and concise picture,
On 06 December 1961, Braja Kishore Sinha called the attention of the Rajya Sabha on the Chinese incursions into the Indian Territory.
A sizeable area of our territories were lost from within a decade, starting with 12,000 square miles in 1956 that led to several changes in the international borders between 1959 and 1961. Attack on Assam Riles post in Lingju of Arunachal Bhutan Border.in 1950 was not taken up seriously. Lingju was taken over by China and Assam riffles had to withdraw. For the First time, Guns sounded in the India China Border,
Nehru took the stand that the Lingju confrontation as a creation of those who stood for the liberation of Tibet. The Government of India had hidden the information from the people on the Chinese taking away 12000 square miles.
Barely an year before Chinese Communist forces launched a full scale attack deep inside NEFA, the question raised by Pandit Hridyanathh Kurzu in November 1961 in on the area taken away by the Chinese, the Prime Minister holding the Ministry of External Affairs had stated that :
"The exact area is the area of the post. There is no other area. They sit on a post. Now the influence of that post round about is not occupation, but its influence. They do not occupy any other territory, actual occupation. It is just that post, whatever it may be, a few hundred yards or so, but actually a post has certain influence round about. How far round about depends upon many circumstances. It is not occupation; any other area is not occupied."
On the motion of 06 December961, a motion on the Chinese incursions Rajya Sabha the Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru replied:.
“… So the point we have been considering is what has appeared in the course of the last year—that is a narrow issue—and if you like in that connection, what our broad policies are. I stated that what has happened in the course of the last year on the Chinese side was, so far as we knew, that three check-posts or military posts had been established. We cannot give the exact date, it is not possible. We can only say that it was not there on one day and later it was there on some other day when our reconnaissance party went there. Or, in other words, we got to know about it then. We heard about it in September—in the 'beginning or middle of September. And so, we mentioned these three posts—one, rather in the north, not far from the Karakoram and not far from an important post that we have— a long name, I forget it at the moment—and their post is on the Chipchop River about fifteen miles to east of our post and two posts in the southern region of northern Ladakh which we mentioned and which we said were round about the international frontier.”.
“….Now, one word about building of roads. An hon. Member has asked why they have built thousands of miles of roads on their side and we have not done so still. The broad answer to that question is that the terrain they have to pass through is far easier to build roads on than the terrain we have on our side. That is to say, there are broad plateaus, ups and downs. Road-making in Tibet, apart from the high mountains that come in, is merely pulling out trees and levelling and nothing else, no application of anything, because the moment it is levelled it is a road. Owing to extreme winter the ground is so hard that nothing more is done. We have ourselves built one airfield at least in these high regions in Ladakh which cost us at that time, I do not know, exactly Rs. 400. Practically nothing. It meant really sweeping the place and removing little boulders and stones and pulling out shrubs and it became an airfield, not a first class one but good enough for use. So that road-making on the other side has been a very much simpler undertaking. Then on our side we have to cross high mountain peaks, passes, up and down precipices. Hon. Members who have cared to see the photographs of some places— even the Himachal Pradesh roads that are being built— will realize the extremely hazardous nature of this road-making. That is one reason. I think we have proceeded fairly well with road making in these mountains. The real difficulty has been that we have to take everything—I mean every machine, every screw has to be taken by air and that led, naturally, to our trying to acquire bigger transport planes, big ones to carry these things. We did that and matters have been progressing fairly well and I can assure Dr. Kunzru that it is not in an attempt to save a few crores of rupees that we have allowed, or we are going to allow, this to suffer.”
” But there is another fact. Apart from any temporary affair, in any major conflict anywhere with any country, our first and basic defence is the industrial position we hold behind it, what we are producing—I am not talking about other things, of war material and the rest but everything—whether it is aircraft, whether it is guns, whether it is other things. That is the basic thing. If one does not have it, one depends on external sources which are not very reliable and not forthcoming at the time. It is better, I have always held—and that has been the opinion of some of the highest military advisers that we get from abroad to advise us—it is better to have second class weapons which you produce yourself and have them in abundance than an improved weapon which you do not produce and which may be denied to you at the time of need and which may get out of order and you cannot put it right and then you are helpless. However, that is a matter of opinion”.
“Anyhow, the basic thing for defence is the Plans. All these Five Year Plans are basic for the defence of India. People seem to think that the Five Year Plans are something isolated from the defence of India. Some people in the other place said, "Oh, scrap the Five Year Plans and go in our defence" which showed how little understanding there is as to what is required for defence. All this is required— may be some odd thing or may not be—but whether we want an iron and steel factory, it is essential for defence. All that defence -wants is steel. So, in building up defence, in building up the strength of India for protecting the security of India, building up this industrial apparatus is highly important. We may give a twist to the industrial apparatus so as to build more of defence. That is another matter. But essentially the things are common whether It is defence, or whether it is any kind of civil advance. So, as I said, in considering the position as it is, arising during the last year this has happened to the best of our know ledge and we consider it as a serious matter, not merely as an intention or intent but as something that has been done-“
"We have meanwhile also put up a number of posts, che»k-posts, military posts. It is not quite proper for me to give the exact locations of them except the one I have mentioned which is right near the Karakoram and which prevents any flanking movement fro« that side. The position is that, when people ask how -much territory they have taken over, committed aggression on—the Chinese —and vaguely they say ten thousand miles, fifteen thousand miles or two thousand miles, it is difficult to say that because it is not occupied in the ordinary sense of the word, although it is true that a certain influence is exercised over a certain territory by these check-posts, and one may say that where there is a succession of check-posts they are, in a sense, in possession of the territory behind them. That is so. On the other hand, there are some check-posts which are like a zigzag. They are check-posts and it cannot be said that they have occupied that territory. I do not wish to make much of the facts. It really does not make very much difference. The point is how much strength they have to control that place because occupation there is not occupation of territory where people live. They are just mountains and other things and in that sense I had said that it was not correct that the building up of one check-post in the north— there is one in the north really, the other is on the frontier—had given them a larger area under occupation, but it has given them a stronger position in that area. That is correct”.
Nehru Chose to spin the matters to another angle. His usual manner of exhibiting his vision on the global security and safety:
“The major problem before us now is whether in the course of two, three, four or five years there is going to be a nuclear war or not. That is the big problem of a war which will destroy everything, which will affect every country, including India, even though we may not be joining any war. And so we have to see this problem in this context, because when we see it in that context, it does make a difference, what China can do to us and what we can do to China. In spite of some people thinking that we are isolated in the world—we may be isolated from the point of view of non-alignment and not being a party to some military alliance—there are other ways of contact, close contacts and close friendships. And apart from any such ways, there are reactions. Is it imaginable that a war between India and China will remain confined to these two countries? It will be a world war and nothing but a world war. I am not saying that it need necessarily be a war between India and China. Other steps can be taken and may have some effect. But we have to think of every aspect, of every possible development and prepare for it, and avoid developments which may be very harmful not only to us but to the world.”
“…I hope, Sir, that the House will agree with this assertion of our position, that this aggression has taken place on our territory and we must do everything in our power to get that aggression vacated. We must try to use every diplomatic and all peaceful devices to that end, whatever they may be, that is to say, avoid war to that purpose, because war between India and China would be one of the major disasters of the world, for us and for the world, for it will mean world war. It will mean war which will be indefinite. We would not be able to limit it in time, because it will not be possible for China to defeat us and it will be impossible for us to march up to Peking across Tibet. These things are not done. Things function differently and for us to jump into such things would be the reverse of wisdom. If it is to be done, if it is forced upon us, it is a different matter. Therefore, we should be prepared and prepare as fast as we can and in the best way we can, keeping in view always the larger situation in the world and how it is developing and how that is affecting our own problems in India”
It requires no interpretation or commentaries.
The long term planning to develop whole infrastructure required for the defense industry and then entering into production of weaponry was the approach. Situations of border areas did not change in even by the 21st century. Yet the present government came out of the age old notions and went on to develop the border areas. The defense sector was freed from the old psyche of confining everything within the fold of government establishments. Private sector took entry and more indigenous investments in capital and ideas making an unprecedented line of combat efficiency abd self dense.
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Monday, May 19, 2025
JUGULAR VEIN & NORTH EAST
Jugular Vein & the Northeast.
Tuesday, May 13, 2025
KASHMIR: BOUNDARIES
Before Negotiating....
Thursday, April 24, 2025
JUGULAR VEIN THEORY - A CENTURY LATER
JUGULAR VEIN THEORY OF MOHAMMED ALI JINNAH
It was unfortunate to see
that even senior Journalists took the statement of “Jugular Vein” by Gen. Asim
Munir, the Pakistan Army Chief as if it
is his new creation!
Barely 20 days
before the Pahalgam terror attack, the Army Chief of Pakistan reiterated
the “Jugular Vein” theory of Mohammed Ali Jinnah. The General said “"Our stance is absolutely clear, it was our
jugular vein, it will be our jugular vein, we will not forget it. We will not
leave our Kashmiri brothers in their heroic struggle."
Why did he reiterate the words of
Muhammed Ali Jinnah after nearly a century?
It was visibly around
1925- ‘26 or so, Jinnah developed a key interest in the Vale of Kashmir.
His first visit to Kashmir is not well recorded, only from some elders came to
get an approximate year around 1925 or 26 as they put the time around his
second marriage. He had come with his new wife. During the second visit to
Kashmir in 1936, he recounted his earlier visit a decade before. It
was during his second visit that Jinnah had developed the Jugular Vein theory.
The Government of India
has to keep in mind that the Jugular Vein Theory was not about the rivers
alone. It carried the flow of commercial produces of Kashmir to Karachi Port
that was a major economic vein of the Pakistan in the dreams of Jinnah.
Jinnah had countered
India in every possible way and used everything available at his hand.
Saraiki- Laihandi traditions came in this way. Indian linguists and historians
may differ on the origin of Saraiki and its relationship with Sindhi language.
Jinnah was not concerned with all these logical debates. Jinnah
made it a point to defeat and denounce Indian values and traditions, which did
not get into the nerves of Indian Political leadership, including Nehru who
penned the discovery of India, Jinnah with a critical plan to create holes in
the Indian pride on cultural history, he managed to pool much of Indian
heritage to Pakistan. Along with his Pakistan, the Muslim religion took away
Saraiki which is the mother of the mother of Sanskrit language. Saraiki
language flourished in the banks of Sapta Sindhu. It was during the
transitory period of Saraiki transforming into Apabrahmsa, the Persian and Afghan
invasions created random destruction.
Jinnah followed the suit and was determined to
destroy Kashmiri languages and enforce Urdu.
From the accounts given
by the doctor who treated Jinnah during his last days, had given an account of
what he had said about Kashmir. Jinnah had said that “Kashmir is
the Jugular vein of Pakistan” and “no nation will tolerate its jugular vein
under the sword of its enemy.” Pakistan General had reiterated the words of
Jinnah to create a new wave of sensationalism and military offensive in
Kashmir.
The second visit of
Jinnah gave him enough arsenals to fight for hos ulterior motives. This time
his visit to the Valley coincided with the birth day of Prophet Muhammed.
Choudhary Ghulam Ali and Sheikh Abdullah, the leaders of Muslim Conference
welcomed Jinnah. Both the leaders were very much vocal about the role of Jinnah
in Hindu Muslim Unity. On the contrary, Jinnah spoke sharply against the Hindu
Nationalist leaders. It is at this juncture that Jinnah told the leaders
to stand for the Justice to Muslims and reminded them that Kashmir is a Muslim
Majority state. This was the beginning of a major shift in the approaches of
the Muslim Conference.
At the Dal gate meeting,
Jinnah addressed the students as a true Muslim and made his stand clear on the
partition of India. Jinnah could create a conflict and distrust on the Congress
leaders among Young Muslim students gathered there. He painted
Congress nationalism as Hindu domination. This instigated the students who had
come from Aligarh Muslim University to start a Secret Reading Room in Kashmir.
The subjects dealt in the reading room were kept out of the reach and eyes of
the general public and the Government of Kashmir. Moulavi Bashir Ahmed and
Mohammad Rajab controlled the activities of the secret reading room and were
instrumental in bringing newspapers and other publications from Lahore. Both of
them were mainly responsible for instigating these Youth against Maharaja Hari
Singh and the Dogra Dynasty. Their ideals were brought out through the journal
Inquilab Mazloom Kashmir. The secret reading room and its conduct could
not be kept out of the eyes of the Jammu and Kashmir Government. The
Coordinator of the reading room Ghulam Mohammed was removed from the
Government Service. This made him form the Young Muslim Association and
to become its founding President of the Association and Sheikh Abdullah as the
secretary. All these drew the attention of Mirwaiz Moulavi Yousuf Shah.
Miwaiz Yousuf Shah, had taken active part in the Khilafat Movement,
steered the agitation against the Dogra Dynasty. Yousuf Shah was known to the
people of Jammu as the son of Mirwaiz Ghulam Shah who was a very popular
religious leader and was addressed as “Sir Sayed of Kashmir” Muslim
liberation movement of Kashmir was initiated and propagated by Sir Sayed.
It was for quite obvious reasons that Sir Sayed had sent his son Yousuf
Shah for learning at the Deoband Islamic School of Dar ul Uloom.
Shah afterwards took his graduation from the Punjab University of Lahore.
On his return from Lahore, he found no time in campaigning for Islamic Unity in
the Kashmir valley. He went to each and every house and spent a lot of time
convincing everyone in the family. His efforts paid well and was soon
elected as the General Secretary of Anjuman Nasarat ul Islam, an
association in Srinagar founded by his father, Ghulam Shah family suffered a
serious setback in 1924 and Yousuf Shah was made the Mirwaiz e Kashmir.
Mirwaiz was the most
respected personality in the valley and he took no time in introducing Sheikh
Abdullah as a leader of the Kashmiri Muslims at a public function. The
influence of Mirwaiz inspired Quasi Guhar Rehman, a prominent figure from Jammu
to launch the Young Muslim Association there.
The situations in the
Valley and Jammu became tense after the dead body of Pundit Giri Durga Devi was
found in a drainage of the Karan Nagar area followed by the reports on
the slaughter of the Cows. This was followed by the case of Constable Lobha Ram
for desecrating the Holy Quran. This was picked up by Sheikh Abdulla to launch
a campaign against Maharaja Hari Singh. Sheikh, then working as
Teacher in the valley, was transferred to Srinagar. Though Sheikh could get the
orders withdrawn, he was again Transferred, He resigned from his Job.
Sheikh Abdullah organized
a public meeting in Srinagar to announce his resignation. Among the gathering,
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, the editor Zamindar published from Lahore was also
present. The ferocious style and voice of Sheikh caught the attention of
Maulana and he gave the title “Sher I Kashmir” to Sheikh Mohammed
Abdullah. The Quran Movement was carried to Jammu and Punjab
Province mainly by the Jamaat e Ahmadiyya Hind . The movement was noted for the
active participation of Choudhary Bashir Ahmed. Zainul Abidin also joined him.
The sudden
appearance of an unknown person name Quadir Khan in the public meeting of
21 June 1931 was a turning point. The elders of Kashmir had the date and
the incident alive in their minds.. Quadir Khan was not a public
figure in Kashmir. He is believed to have accompanied some foreign
travelers as their cook. Inspired by the ferocious speech of Sheikh Abdulla, he
ran to the stage, seized the mike and violently spoke against the Maharaja. He
was immediately nabbed by the police and was put in the Srinagar Central
Jail. His Trial in the central jail dragged large crowds and demanded
entry to witness the proceedings. The commotion led to police firing and 22
persons lost lives. Choudhary Ghulam Abbas and Sheikh Abdulla were also
arrested.
It was around this time,
Sheikh Abdullah desired to expand his influence to Punjab and other provinces.
He had met Rajarshi Purushotham Das
Tandon, before his meeting with Nehru at Lahore Railway Station in 1933.
Sheikh was more concerned with his position in Jammu and wanted to retain
his approach to the Hindus of Jammu and Pundits of the valley. In 1939.
Sheikh, under the influence of Nehru, renamed Muslim Conference as the National
Conference. This was not acceptable to Choudhary Ghulam Abbas, and he along
with his supporters formed the Muslim Conference. This affected the
political hold of Sheikh Abdullah in the Valley. To regain his position he
invited Jinnah to the valley in 1944. Choudhary Ghulam Abbas did
everything Possible to see that his party, the Muslim Conference, gets the
support of the Maharaja of Kashmir.
During the 1944 visit of
Jinnah, the Muslim Students Union of Kashmir had arranged a grand reception to Jinnah. The
public could very well understand that Sheikh Abdullah and Jinnah had
certain differences.
Mirawiz and Choudhary
Ghuam Abbas started reviving Muslim Conference, which became a platform
for the All India Muslim League to enforce the plans of Jinnah on
Kashmir. Jinnah and Mirwaiz had a good relationship which started with
the hosting of Jinnah at his residence in the valley. It was during this
meeting that both of them discussed Azad Kashmir and after reviving Muslim
Conference Mirwaiz made it an agenda of his party. Mirwaiz was
invited for the annual meeting of the Muslim League at Karachi.
Sheikh Muhammed Abdullah
was very much conscious about the futuristic impacts of the Karachi
mission of Mirwaiz and Choudhary Ghulam Abbas. To take a
cutting edge of the Muslim Conference and Muslim League tie up, Sheikh
launched the “Quit Kashmir” movement against the Maharaja Hari Singh.
The address of Sheikh Abdullah at the launch of the Campaign
shook the valley. His speech was so powerful that it created fissures in the
foundations of Muslim Conference. To counter this, Choudhary Ghulam Abbas
organized a public meeting in the Muslim Park. The meeting could not take place
as Choudhary Ghulam Abbas and his supporters were arrested.
It took no time for the
then Prime Minister of Kashmir, RC Kak to advise the King to enforce martial
law. He took all measures to detain and to impose a three year jail
term for Sheikh. Disaster struck Kashmir following this event.
Kak received information that Jawaharlal Nehru was coming to
Kashmir. In order to stop Nehru from entering Srinagar. Prohibitory orders were
clamped in the valley by the Prime Minister. Nehru turned
against Hari Singh. This was the beginning of the troubles for Kashmir.
After this incident, the
Congress leaders mounted pressure on RC Kak to release Sheikh Abdullah.
Maharaja refused to yield and he firmly believed that both Sheikh Abdullah and
Mirwaiz would sell Kashmir to Pakistan. The next to add difficulties for
Kashmir was the meeting of Kak and Sardar Patel. Kak was loud to tell Sardar
Patel that Delhi has no Jurisdiction over the affairs of Kashmir. Any serious
move by the interim Government will create hindrances in the accession. VP Menon
is said to have raised certain questions to Sardar Patel on the
intentions of RC Kak, and the trust deficit created. Kak did not stop his
adventures with this. He went to meet Jinnah. Jinnah took a brilliant step
unlike the cold treatment assertiveness of Delhi, Kak was given all welcome
gestures that could be accorded to the head of the state. The idea of ‘ Stand
Still Agreement’ was webbed between the two in this meeting. It took npo time
for the Maharaja to see the sinister designs of his inheritance slipping away
and the dirty game of RC Kak with Jinnah and Mountbatten. RC
Kak was removed and gen. Janak Singh was appointed as the new Prime Minister of
Kashmir. The move of the Maharaja irked Jinnah and an economic blockade was
imposed on the princely state. The seriousness of the situation demanded a more
efficient Prime Minister, Har Singh requested the services of the Chief Justice
of the Punjab High Court , Justice MC Mahajan to take over as the Prime
Minister of his State. Jinnah did not give up. He approached a friend of
MC Mahajan, the former Chief Justice of Lahore High Court, to send
his nephew to Srinagar. It is said that a Pakistani Major and a few men
were moving around in Srinagar with a set of papers that included a treaty with
Pakistan. The delegation included very prominent names like Malik Taj ud Din, Khawja Abdul Rahim, Dr
Mohammad Din Taseer and Mian Iftikhar ud Din. MC Mahajan I had seemingly ignored them.
Some say that the major had a whip in one hand and the papers in the other
hand, as Jinnah had instructed him to get the papers signed by force or
peace. The visiting team managed to meet general Janak Singh. A sthis
mission failed the plot to abduct the maharaja was designed. Maharaja was made
aware of the plan to kidnap him from the Dak Bungalow at Bhimber. The site was
chosen as it was very close to the border and the Maharaja could have been very
easily taken to Lahore or Rawalpindi. Jinnah had deployed a strong contingent
of the army to kill the Hindu Population of Mirpur and Bhimber. Katwa was
about to fall into the hands of the Pakistan Army and they had already taken
control over Akhnoor and the exodus of the Hindus followed.
21st of October 1947 was the decisive day of
Kashmir. Maharaja insisted to stayin Bhimber. MC Mahajan had to take a tough
stand to desist the ruler from taking such a deadly decision. Finally, the
Maharaja asked his driver to take him directly to Jammu. Pakistan Army
without knowing the change of the schedule attacked Bhimber. The Dak Bungalow
where Hari Singh was to stay, came under fire and was reduced to ashes.
All the Hindu villages were burnt down and those who could not run away
to safety were tortured , killed and their bodies were mutilated. Next day on
22nd October, Muzaffarpur was taken over by the Pakistan Army. This
was followed by defection of all Muslims in the Royal forces of J&K moving
to Pakistani side. All that Brigadier Rajinder Singh could mobilize was
less than 200 men , that included some civilians to stage some resistance at
Dhund. But the Brigadier had to pull back. Uri fell with no resistance.
Brig. Rajinder Singh and his small group somehow reached Baramulla. The
bridge to Srinagar was cut off. For nearly 11 hours Rampat and Mohra was
kept under counter offensive. Brig. Rajinder Singh was shot, caught and killed.
After this everyone in his groups became their own commanders and continued the
fight. Col. Narain Singh was killed and the Muslim soldiers with him moved to
Pakistan side.
The stories on Kashmir
are countless. Every elder who lived till 90s had a lot of stories, some of
their own imaginations, some mixed with realities… It needs much effort to put
these pieces together to understand the psyche of the new generation. However,
the pain and anguish on the face of my Sikh friend from Baramulla cannot be
forgotten. The narrative of the escape of his young parents in the 1947 and the
unwritten accounts of rape and brutal killings are of no concerns to anyone in
the Indian main land. While he and some other friends from
the valley were pursuing his studies under Meerut University in 1979-83, every
weekend used to be the narrative of the horrors that can never be forgiven and
forgotten.
It is the right time to
recollect what a group of Youth had gathered around and said during the
Indo-Pakistan Peoples Forum meet at Karachi. Knowing that I am an Indian,
the group started to address their situation. They asked only one thing
in Chaste Hindi. “When You go back tell New Delhi to do one favour.
Finish off this Pakistan Army. We need only an army for ceremonial purposes.
Pakistan is safe with a strong Indian Army. The Indian army will protect us
better than the Pak Army. In the name of Kashmir, the Pakistan Army is
doing all the atrocities against the public. Every development, public funds
are snatched and taken by them. They lead a luxurious life and the public
is made to suffer. “
They were so angry at
their own army, and was unmindful of the presence of Pakistan Rangers around
and continued “There is a separate course for Pakistani Army on the Enmity to
Indian Army, how to abuse and how to torture them after getting caught. They
are even taught and trained on how to deface and mutilate the dead bodies
of an Indian Soldier”.
A question came from another
corner. “Have you heard of anything like that about the Indian Army? If so,
over 90,000 soldiers who were captured in Bengal by the Indian Army would not
have walked down across the border. They would have been crawling to death by
the time they could reach here, maybe not even one third. “
Their anger was more than
what was expected. “ The Pakistan army is taught a distorted history… The
young generation is not having enough facilities to go to modern Schools. They
are to have only madrasa Education. History of Pakistan is one liner.
Gandhiji Cheated their father of the nation and he took Pakistan from
India”
Till Kashmir issue is
militarily finished by India and a clear non militarized Zone along the
Pakistan border is created, that country cannot progress and will keep on
creating disturbances in India.