DOCTRINE OF YOGA

THE DOCTRINE OF YOGA

YOGA ANSUSAASANAM

 

Pathanjali Yoga Sootra.

 

PART 1.

YoGa is considered as a part of the meditative process or that lead to meditation. Pathanjali Maharshi, believed to be the progenitor of YoGa and his YoGa Sootra forms the basis for the practice of YoGa. The present day Yoga systems begin with Pranayama the schematic process breathing and subsequent sequence of postures. From the last one to the head of governments today, YoGa is a practice for personality development and a relief from psychotropic management.

 

The design of human structure is to perform certain elementary functions in relation to the habitat. Deviations from the body functions required for the food gathering have become rudimentary and got substituted with the economy. Economy became the deciding factor of body functioning- more the richer, lesser the effort. Traits cultivated by the civilized society during the past few centuries transformed    civilized traits to account for a major categorization of   humans as live mannequins of trade and commerce. This led to adoption of ways of life anomalous to body structure, design and function. Eventually by the last decade of twentieth century, conflicting terms of ‘health”, “fitness” and “wellness” surfaced and was well trades with Gyms, Spas, massage centers, psychotropic management, and medical tourism. By the turn of twenty first century, high costs of fitness and wellness and the fallouts of such practices led the world to think about better ways. Maharishi Sivanada Yogi, Mahesh Yogi, Osho, Sri Sri Ravisankar, Sad’ Guru, Amritandamai, Satya Sai Baba, Baba Ramdev and several others created a new wave of consciousness  around  the world . The ground was set for Pathanjali Maharshi and his Yoga Sootra (Sutra) to resurface globally with YoGa.

 

 Sootras are the extensions of a discipline of scientific knowledge that pertains to a school under the patronage and tutelage of the lineages of a Sage. Such Sages take the position and title of the predecessors. Some the schools have specific format for the transfer of knowledge.

 

Knowledge is transferred by way of rendering through equations and formulations well knitted to provide a specific stylization of rendering in a  musical format. It follows the discovery that human brain registers certain ways of modulation and intonation of sound that tunes the memory system than straight sentences or statements.  Such a format developed by the sages  set in specific scales forms the architecture of knowledge streams. Thus, every sound could be segmented, compartmentalized and aligned into sequences. Such segments have affixed numerical values, equations and formulations, yet sound poetic and melodious. Broad category of  works of  primordial stalk of knowledge systems became categorized to  rendering systems ‘Sruti” and “Smriti”  

 

Pathanjali YoGa Sootra, based on which modern day YoGa stems out from Sruti format is founded on ‘Jyotishmati” the Astronomical Sciences developed by the school of Sage Skanda .  Jyotishmati incorporates the  mathematical system(Sankhyam) the principal basis  of codifying the Vedas and  its sub systems. All Hora Sastras, mathematical and Aststronomical works are interpretations and diversification of Jyotishmati. Pathanjali School also is founded on the Skanda System, as we find references in their Yoga Sootra. It is evident that Yoga as a subject emerged much before Pathanjali Schools who Codified it in his syllabus and took shape of a sootra. From the the Yoganusaasanam. It is evident that this school also had a Hora Sastra.

 

Yoga Sootra incorporates the methodology and guideline for the transcription, translation and expression of two  primary schemes of  Indian Knowledge systems “ Sruti” and “Smriti” .Therefore a question remains on what exactly is YoGa, its design and objectives. What had Pathanjali Schools originally developed? Is it the same as it is portrayed today? Is YoGa Sootra to be understood as a Sanskrit text with literary meanings and philosophical approaches? Or it has some other extensive applications and structure.

 

 

 

YOGANUSAASANAM

 

अथ योगानुशासनम्|  योगश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः||

तदा द्रष्टुः स्वरूपेऽवस्थानम्, वृत्तिसारूप्यमितरत्र॥ 

वृत्तयः पञ्चतय्यः क्लिष्टा अक्लिष्टाः|

प्रमाणविपर्ययविकल्पनिद्रास्मृतय: |

विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानमतद्रूपप्रतिष्ठम् ||

 

 

1.  अथ योगानुशासनम्|
    
   Atha: Here begins the auspicious
    
    Anusaasanam  - Doctrine
    
   Here begins the doctrine of Yoga, the matrix in which every motion is beset. YoGa is presented as a distinct doctrine with its mathematical base,  set theory, Integrals, integers, geometry and algebraic equations and formulae to structure this discipline.
    
   Mathematics (Sankhyam) was central to all Indian Systems of Knowledge. The most pertinently application is that of Zero, diversifies from  ‘Skanda Ganita” encoded in Jyothismati or Mathematical Scheme developed by Skanda.   Through every branch of Knowledge systems mathematics was infused into the gene pool. 
    
   A sootra, is structured in such  a manner  it is carried down to successive generations and become an inheritance in conformity with genetic endowment and is inherited by passing through successive generations in a lineage. So, is YoGa Sootra which was formatted as “ANUSAASANAM” or the Doctrine of YoGa.
    
    
    
   2.  योगश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः
         . YoGaschittavruttiNorodha
    
   Aschita:  Ast’ chit’ tvam  Aschita:
    
   Asta  is in conjuncture  with “Aadra” and the transition to “Punarvasu” in the seventh house of lunar Cycle. Adra represents the full moon day when Lord Siva transferred Yogic power to seven persons who later on became the most prominent group of Sages known as Sapta Rishis.   The next day, Punarvasu marks the birth of twelve Adityas or derivatives of the Sun to Sage Kashyapa and Aditi.  The practice adopted to give nomenclature of the every fundamental knowledge system was to identify and name its as an offspring of the innovators. Most of such fundamental developments are carried down to the commoners in a story format.  The founders of such streams of knowledge, the sages withheld the true scientific content for the consumption of their own schools. 
    
   Punarvasu, the seventh day accrues significance as it marks the day on which 12 major streams of knowledge on the galactic and the solar system and were developed by sage Kshyapa  and his wife Aditi.
    
   Again, Aschita is the larger understanding on the cosmic sciences and synchronizing life activities and functions in consonance with the cosmic time scale.  
    
   Va- rut-  Tei – vrutti
    
   Va indicates unit of time- Rut- is seasonal tei- functions- Vrut (Va Rut)- the functions of the body in every unit time.   Aschita vrutti implies functions which continue happen in progression that included Temporal operations of the body that are beyond the control of senses called as involuntary functions.
    
   VA- Rut- tvaei- Vrutti –  Vrutti  ,
    
    Rut  also indicate alls such  actions that requires  effort, force, energy or power. 
    
   
   
   Vrutti is Vrut’ Ati , Vrutta  is enveloping , circle, Zero
    
   Ati -extreme, time. 
    
   Aschita tva  ruta tva ei -  Vrutti
    
   Therefore, YoGa has certain pre requisites in terms faculties of knowledge on involuntary functions. Such spontaneous actions are inherent and pre determined  properties of organ  systems are defined as Aschita or involuntary functions.
    
   Aschita- ta tva – curtailing the impact of seasons or time  on  involuntary functions is an elementary principle of  YoGA. Therefore, YoGa sets in a timing of its own through the control over involuntary functions is Yogaschittavrittinrodha.
    
   Aschita essentially is an ‘unmindful’  state flowing like a river  in accordance with the  seasons (Rutu) uninterrupted (Nirodha)- That is,  YoGa curtails the impact of time. Emphasis is laid on the controlling powers  to delink from the perimeters of chronological time and to set into  a synchronized time with that of the cosmic systems – a process to attain universality and a unique identity. Such a mind cannot be interrupted or distracted by the changes of seasons or other Geophysical process.  Functional potencies and effect of YoGa is to set in a new temporal operation arresting all conventional process and taking control by the system of “Mind” and so:-
    
2.  तदा द्रष्टुः स्वरूपेऽवस्थानम्, वृत्तिसारूप्यमितरत्र॥ 
              Tada Drushtu Swaroope Avasthaanam Vrutti Saaroopyam Itaratra.
    
   Ta’ d a  d’ rash’ t-ta-u (drashtu):
    
    Tad’ adrashtu and Tada drashtu
    
   Tad : equally or position
   Tada: referring point of time
   Drashtu: vision, focus, perception
    
    
   Swa Roopa –  ei - A va ast-aanam
    
    Vri-t-ti  Sa-aroo p’ yaam  Itara- atra.
    
   Swa- roopae- avstanaam, refers to the different states of the self that accounts for the physical expressions. This refers to the Prakaranas.
    
   PraKaranas of Vairagya ( devoid of affliations, inter relationships on earthy matters), Mumukshu ( desires or lust or wishes  that set in after salvation), Utpatti ( inert state or static), Stithi (consistency, state  of wisdom), Upasanthi or Upsama (moving inwards, convoluting) and Nirvana (emergence) accounts for identical actions of varying degrees i.e., Vritti Sarropyam itara atra.
    
   Here, Vritti,  refers to a well defined course or track where physical and material aspects  are sequentially warded off to refine, define, eliminate and culminate into ulterior states of wisdom  to emerge out. 
    
   Sa- aroopa-yam itara –atra.  The state that Vrutti  rejects (itara)   the stature (atra) to be devoid of any form( Sa- aroopyam)
    
   YoGa, through the mechanics of Control over the involuntary functions sets in a  self timed processes.  YoGa Anusaasanam covers all aspects of YoGa invcluding the physical, metaphysical, morphological and physio-anatomic  aspects that defines YoGa. The process of generating the power of the eyes is dealt at length. T“Drushta  swaroope avastaanaam”  is the power to  visualize matter in different states. Swaroopam is the structure, characteristics and properties of matter.
    
   Vritti Sarooopyam itara atra:  (one as two) is the differential focusing of the receptive powers of the eyes,  where one object is seen as two images with each eye and juxtaposing the images with left one to right and merging them together as in superimposing effect and  half dissolve as in a motion picture. These powers of the eyes provide to perceive various dimensions and biogenic energy fields.  Gathering information by analyzing the spectrum of energy fields  the noninvasive method of scientific analysis. Therefore, positioning  of the eye is fundamental to YoGa and  :-
    
    
       4. वृत्तयः पञ्चतय्यः क्लिष्टा अक्लिष्टाः
              Vruttaya PanNgCha TaDthya-  
    
   Va Rutta ( Vrutta ) Ta ya:   Further,   Vrutti- Pa – anga – Cha tat- dhya : Pa means to consume  or to absorb all the eight constituents (anga) of the YoGa anusaasanam. The methodology of the management of the eight Anga leads to Klishta and Aklisishta.
    
   Pa-anga also refers to the Ashta Sidhis or Eight blissful accomplishments of YoGa viz., Aima, Mahima, Garima, Laghima, Praapti, Prakarmia,  Aiva and Vasitva.
    
   Ability to transform the size of the body to a miniscule is Aimaa, whereas,    the ability to transform body into a gigantic size is Mahima. Both these are well illustrated in Ramayana and Mahabharata.
    
   Garima is ability to become heavy, which is demonstrated by Sage Agasthya  on his mission to south pole during the marriage of Siva Parvati and also in Mahabharata  interception of Bhim by Hanuman.
    
   Laghima, in the recent times was demonstrated by Sivananda Yogi and also the travel by air in may epics by  transforming the body lighter than air.
    
   Praapti- ability to be in anything, transfer of souls as demonstrated by Sankaracharya.
    
   Prakarmia- by reciting "kanakadhaara Stotram",  Sankaracharya created the rain of golden gooseberries .  “Desired effect for the  effort” – creating rain, wind, fire or even a new land mass, or even a stellar body is Prakarmia.
    
   Aiva-  is the absolute control over living and nonliving objects and to induce or eliminate the effect of seasons. Da- aiva  Deva, are the ones who have absolute control.
    
    The concept of presiding deities for the natural forces took its origin based on those schools that developed those powers. Indra (rain), Varuna (ocean), Agini(fire), Vayu (air) and so on those who had proven control assumed the position of God  and eventually were revered as Gods in their territorial domains.
    
   Vasitva, is the inculcation of powers over five elements, transition to the next phase over  Aiva or the ascent to the next genre and such are venerated as the Supreme.
    
   Klishta constitutes the observances of the eight  constiuents  where as Aklishta is that  liberates from the time process   - AKL’ ei –ashta-  which is also Lae Yashs sa  Hat:   Oneness  and  conform to  Surya Tejas or brilliant radiance as bright as the Sun, the form in which Siva was seen in the still form of  cosmic Dance as a YoGi and that-
    
   Yoga is the sequential process of  self transformation of physical nd mental faculties toe supreme powers and that:-
    
   Illustrations and demonstrations too these process are not desirable, but are imparted from teacher to  disciple after years of stringent conditioning of the intellectual and physical level)
    
    
   5. प्रमाणविपर्ययविकल्पनिद्रास्मृतय:
   PraMaanNa Viparyaaya Vikalpa Nidra Smritaya:
    
    
    Pra- ma - anNa  - Pramana is the miniscule format in which  the basic principles  that lead to diversified observations  and Knowledge in a state of Viparyaya-loss of  normal consciousness through reversal  of factors or by ceasing to exist  in  Vikalpa , the collateral form in between the time scales of Kalpa right from the primordial state, thus  laying the foundation of  a codified system of Nidra.
    
    Viparya is the state in which the knowledge is accrued by traverse through the reverse time scale. Traverse through reverse time scale is a process through which the self experiences the process of formation back to the primordial state of the formation of the Cosmos.  Splitting into subs atomic state and finally to the time of the origin of the Universe. This is the ultimate state of Knowledge where all the facts or the “truth” is realized and felt by the ‘self’- an experience that requires ultimate strength of the psyche and perceptional levels. Such a demonstration was given to Arjuna by Krishna. Krishna was a Yogi in the form a human can take “self” to the extreme level of organizational functioning. The reference of “YoGeeswara” to Krishna thus emerges from these potential powers he had .
    
   Kalpa here refers to the monograph of Utpatti Prakarana or the  principles of Origin  and  Kalpa here is an abstraction of Time Scale, together with ‘Pramana’ constitutes the equations of the entire Cosmic system. Pramana is conclusive with no alternative formulae for the entire gamut of a specific subject emerged out of consistent persistence, emerging from the subconscious senses configured as ‘Smriti’.   Thus, Knowledge comprises of equations and formulations that  are codified into specific  streams called “Smriti”. Smriti or emergence of Every Smriti  takes its Origin through such Yogis during the subdivisions of Kalpa.
    
    Here, YoGa Anusasanam brings clarity to the fact that knowledge is not spontaneous, but tested and proven over a period of time and codified therein to be a Smriti. Various schools analyzed and interpreted various aspects from each Smriti to diversified branches of Knowledge based on the Pramanas contained therein and that:-
    
   6. विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानमतद्रूपप्रतिष्ठम्
     Viparyayo MithyaJjnaamadroopapratishtitam  
    
   Viparyao-:  trans-positioning the number of higher order  with a perfect indivisible number  to derive  the function of integers where the  indivisible number Zero is an unavoidable factor, and  stands out as a   Contradiction among numbers.
    
    Mithya:.   limited reasoning, non-existent,  Mita tathya- Ma- Ita- Tat’ – Dhi- Ya
    
   Tat’-  format of  a configuration split into its components, Tat’ is the numerical principle of deriving values from resonances devised by Kaushika and forms the basis of Sruti in the Vang format of Oral traditions.  
    
   ‘Dhi’ : wisdom
   Ya: to search within itself-
    
   Mithya is the right application of  wisdom to explore within a system based on the Principles of analysis with its numerical applications. Mithya as a principle , implies nonexistence of inverse number.   
    
   Jjnanam- Knowledge,
   Mat’ – doctrine, design,
   Rupa- integral number, phenomenon  
   Pratishtam- process of obtaining higher powers of control on self, base .
    
    Concept of ‘Non existence’ emerges out of the knowledge on the doctrines of integral  function as with the numerical system.
    
   Yogi, at this point is in integral system between Time, Matter and Space, that which is present in everywhere , in everything and at all times. Yogi perceives  and conjoins past present and future, matter in transition and transformation and is a ‘Pratishta’.  The Phenomenon of the Supreme State of  Pratishta,  is  attaininment the stature of Cosmic form.  Anecdote in Mahabharata on Krishna, when his mother saw the entire Cosmos in his mouth, is establishing that some are born Yogis.  Pratishta is eternity and continuity in time, as expansion of Zero, that is a closed structure, with no ends, that can grow engulf everything and can consolidate  back to a point, inverse of which is  non existence. Zero is in everything, everywhere and every time, but is invisible when it is not expressed as it is.   Roopa Pratishtam lays the principle of omnipresent and omnipotent as an integral stature of YoGi.
    
    
   7. शब्दज्ञानानुपाती वस्तुशून्यो विकल्पः|
   Sabda  Jjnana anupaati Va’stu  Soonyo  Vikalpa
    
   Sabda- Resonances, Jjnaana – knowledge that is tested and proven , anupati – segments, ratio , its content of matter from the  zero value to its variants on a time scale. Latitude in opposite to one
    
   Vastu – Light,  Astu- let it be, soonya- Zero. In between two Kalpas.
    
   Proven and tested resonances are articulated as segments of sounds. The ratio of   nuances from zero along time scale gives the values or meanings, i.e., every segment of a sound has a takeoff from zero level to a final position along a time scale. Rendering of sounds is in a graphic format, as in the case f the effect of light on latitudes opposite to one another. It implies that, from the same sounds based on the ratio and proportionality in this manner, at a given time, one segment of sound can produce one meaning, the other aspects incorporated in it relating to other subjects incorporated will remain silent.
    
   Function of expressions in between affixed along time scales is irrespective of one another, however, the material contents will remain as it is. This gives a clear illustration of the template format of resonance based encoding of knowledge. The template will give multitude of variants based on the values affixed to the resonance. Rendering of a segment of sound has a takeoff value from zero level and the variations brought in through modulation in between two time periods is that  expresses the content.  YoGa is to enable the development of knowledge faculties at its highest order, where the resonances are perceived penultimate level of frequencies equivalent to the light.
    
   Together with sound light also originates at the same time and has the same carrier energy in two different forms. Therefore, light in its elementary form carries the sound along with it. Perceiving the sound carried in the light and understanding the carrier sounds in it is Soonya vikalpa, the process of Zeroing down to the source.
    
    Listening to the light and seeing the sound from the point of origin is the process of re-synthesis from the Zero point, thus interpreting the material content.  The inverse process of Soonya is or Zero, is total analysis of the light and sound in a definitive time scale. All the sciences from Astronomy to Ayurveda is based on this  principle of “non invasive technology’ without  using any gadgets.  YoGa is not merely a process of conditioning the mind. It is to develop higher faculties and to create system of knowledge of re-synthesis of Sound and Light and:-
    
    
   8. अभावप्रत्ययालम्बना वृत्तिर्निद्रा|
   Abhaava Pratya  aalambana  Vrutti Nidra
    
   Abhava = not in  transition – evidence of nonexistence,  Pratyaya-   sounds that follow one after the  other, Aalambana =  (Aa –Lamb –Ana )  to realize the  depth and values of eternal phenomenon,( Anaa = Annadi)  and effects,  Vrutti (Vru-ta-ati)  A formation that has no ends ( Vruta) that needs extraneous efforts of separation (ati- Go beyond time), Nidra- bud of flower.
    
   The format of expressing resonances in segments and the control mechanism is well laid here. The sounds, which are not in conjuncture or sequential and not in transition carries the knowledge of eternal process and phenomenon.  Such meanings are carried in an abrupt or a complete sound, i.e., without nuances and formations thus represent a complex system. Such sounds will have no takeoff and landing notes, without any ends which requires extraneous effort to understand.   The meanings of such sounds in isolation are beyond that what is heard. It will be like a bud, that is yet to be open, concealing several layers and whorls to unfold.
    
   Since the manner of rendering unfolds a subject from its basic template, only one subject can be transcribed at a time and the other subjects should not be intercalated. The process employed for transcribing one subject will not be applicable for another subject. The rendering of Sruti format is subject specific pertaining to each school and their experiences and  analysis leads to the creation of each Smriti-

 

Note:  These illustrations are limited to what can be conveyed. YoGa Anusaasanam is a stringent doctrine, where a perfect order of a Yogi alone can demonstrate the Biogenic Energy fields and developing he powers of the eye and sequences of yogic states.

The remaining part of this will be brought out subsequently. Any reference on certain terms used here can be found in other papers on Gayatri and AGNI here.  

I am grateful to Sri  Santhosh Anadji,  for his valuable time and  advise to take up this initiative and  Her Grace Yashwanvita Yoga Varenya for her valuable time.